The tooth fairy is a welcome guest for any child who has lost a tooth. Not only will the fairy leave a small gift under the child’s pillow, but they be assured of a replacement tooth in a few months. Unfortunately, the scenario is quite different for adults grappling with a loss of teeth. Luckily, there may be some hope thanks to a new study performed by scientists at Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.
A dental breakthrough
While the typical adult mouth houses 32 teeth, approximately 1% of the population exhibits variations of them, either possessing more or fewer teeth due to congenital conditions. Researchers have delved into the genetic factors behind cases of excessive teeth, seeking valuable insights into the potential regeneration of teeth in adults. This study is the first to show that monoclonal antibodies can help regrow teeth. It suggests a new way to treat a dental problem that currently requires implants and other artificial solutions.
A bit of science
The research team disclosed that an antibody targeting a specific gene, known as uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), can induce tooth development in mice affected by tooth agenesis, a congenital condition. The findings were published in the journal, Science Advances.
As per Katsu Takahashi, a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and one of the principal contributors to the study, the essential molecules crucial for the development of teeth have already been pinpointed. “The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,” says Takahashi.
On April 13, 2021, the University of Kyoto posted its first pic of newly-grown teeth in mice.
BMP and Wnt are involved in more than just tooth development; they affect the growth of organs and tissues early in the body’s development. Because drugs affecting them directly might have broad side effects, scientists are cautious. To find a potentially safer method, researchers focused on the gene USAG-1, thinking that aiming at factors countering BMP and Wnt specifically in tooth development could be more precise.
“We knew that suppressing USAG-1 benefits tooth growth. What we did not know was whether it would be enough,” added Takahashi.
The first results
Scientists looked at how different monoclonal antibodies affect USAG-1. Monoclonal antibodies are often used to treat things like cancer and arthritis and for making vaccines. Tests with this antibody showed that BMP signaling is crucial for deciding the number of teeth in mice. Also, just one treatment was enough to grow a whole tooth. Further tests confirmed these positive results in ferrets too.
“Ferrets are diphyodont animals with similar dental patterns to humans. Our next plan is to test the antibodies on other animals, such as pigs and dogs,” explained Takahashi.
Fully regrown frontal teeth in ferrets
The next steps
Now, scientists are going to test the drug on healthy adults. If that goes well, the team plans to try it on kids aged 2 to 6 with a rare tooth problem called anodontia, a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth. These kids will get one shot of the drug to see if it makes their teeth grow. If everything works out, the medicine might be approved by 2030.
Takahashi sees the new medicine as an additional choice for individuals who are missing some or all of their teeth.
“The idea of growing new teeth is every dentist’s dream,” Takahashi told the Japanese newspaper, The Mainichi in June this year. “I’ve been working on this since I was a graduate student. I was confident I’d be able to make it happen.”
So hopefully, by the year 2030, humans will get a chance to have their third generation of teeth grown and say goodbye to implants. Until then, make sure to keep your teeth strong and healthy — this article will help you with that.
Preview photo credit KyotoU_News / Twitter
I took a job at 70 to save up for my wife’s surgery, but something happened that I never expected.
The fluorescent lights of the discount electronics store hummed, a monotonous drone that seemed to amplify the weariness in Arthur’s bones. At 70, he hadn’t expected to be back in the workforce, but his wife, Eleanor, needed surgery, a costly procedure that their meager savings couldn’t cover. So, he’d taken the job, a part-time gig at a place that sold everything from bargain-bin headphones to refurbished laptops.
The work was tedious, the customers often demanding, but Arthur endured it. He focused on Eleanor, on the image of her healthy and vibrant again, and the days passed.
One afternoon, a man entered the store, his hesitant steps and the white cane tapping ahead of him clearly marking him as visually impaired. He approached the counter, his brow furrowed in concentration. “Excuse me,” he said, his voice soft, “I’m looking for a digital voice recorder. Something simple, for taking notes.”
Arthur, who had been organizing a display of phone chargers, paused and offered a kind smile. “Certainly, sir. We have several options. Let me show you.”
He led the man to a shelf displaying various voice recorders, explaining the features of each model in clear, concise terms. The man listened attentively, nodding occasionally. Finally, he settled on a small, unassuming device. “This one sounds perfect,” he said. “How much is it?”
Arthur checked the price tag. “That’s $39.99, sir.”
But before Arthur could ring up the sale, the store manager, a young man named Kevin, with a slicked-back hairstyle and an air of arrogant impatience, stepped in. “Actually,” he said, his voice laced with a false sweetness, “that model is $79.99.”
The visually impaired man hesitated, his brow furrowed. “That’s… that’s quite a bit more than I expected.”
“It’s a high-quality device,” Kevin insisted, his eyes glinting. “Worth every penny.”
Arthur’s stomach churned. He couldn’t believe what he was hearing. He knew the price, he had just checked it. He couldn’t stand by and let Kevin take advantage of this man’s vulnerability.
“Excuse me, Kevin,” Arthur said, his voice firm, “the price is $39.99. I just checked.”
Kevin’s eyes narrowed. “Are you questioning me, old man?” he hissed, his voice dropping to a low growl.
“I’m correcting you,” Arthur replied, his gaze unwavering. “It’s the right thing to do.”
The visually impaired man, sensing the tension, looked from Arthur to Kevin, his expression confused.
Kevin’s face flushed crimson. “You’re making a fool of yourself,” he spat. “You think you know better than me?”
“I know what’s right,” Arthur said, his voice steady.
“Get out!” Kevin roared, his voice echoing through the store. “You’re fired! You’re nothing but a washed-up old fool. Get out of my sight!”
Arthur stood his ground, his gaze fixed on Kevin. He felt a surge of anger, but he also felt a strange sense of peace. He had done what was right.
He turned to the visually impaired man. “Sir,” he said, his voice gentle, “the price is $39.99. I’m sorry for the confusion.”
The man smiled, a grateful expression spreading across his face. “Thank you,” he said. “Thank you for your honesty.”
Arthur nodded and walked away, leaving Kevin fuming behind the counter. He gathered his belongings, his heart heavy but his conscience clear. As he walked out the door, he knew he had lost his job, but he had gained something far more valuable: his integrity.
The next few days were difficult. Without his job, the burden of Eleanor’s surgery loomed larger than ever. But Arthur refused to despair. He spent his days searching for new opportunities, his determination fueled by his love for Eleanor.
One afternoon, he received a phone call. It was the visually impaired man he had helped. The man, whose name was Thomas, was a lawyer. He had been so impressed by Arthur’s honesty that he wanted to offer him a job.
“I need someone I can trust,” Thomas said, his voice warm. “Someone with integrity. And I believe you’re that person.”
Arthur was overwhelmed. He had never expected such kindness, such generosity. He accepted the job, his heart filled with gratitude.
With his new job, Arthur was able to pay for Eleanor’s surgery. She recovered quickly, her health restored, her smile brighter than ever. Arthur had lost a job, but he had gained a friend, a new career, and a renewed sense of purpose. He had learned that even in the face of adversity, honesty and integrity will always prevail. And that sometimes, the most unexpected acts of kindness can change your life forever.
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