The tooth fairy is a welcome guest for any child who has lost a tooth. Not only will the fairy leave a small gift under the child’s pillow, but they be assured of a replacement tooth in a few months. Unfortunately, the scenario is quite different for adults grappling with a loss of teeth. Luckily, there may be some hope thanks to a new study performed by scientists at Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.
A dental breakthrough
While the typical adult mouth houses 32 teeth, approximately 1% of the population exhibits variations of them, either possessing more or fewer teeth due to congenital conditions. Researchers have delved into the genetic factors behind cases of excessive teeth, seeking valuable insights into the potential regeneration of teeth in adults. This study is the first to show that monoclonal antibodies can help regrow teeth. It suggests a new way to treat a dental problem that currently requires implants and other artificial solutions.
A bit of science
The research team disclosed that an antibody targeting a specific gene, known as uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), can induce tooth development in mice affected by tooth agenesis, a congenital condition. The findings were published in the journal, Science Advances.
As per Katsu Takahashi, a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and one of the principal contributors to the study, the essential molecules crucial for the development of teeth have already been pinpointed. “The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,” says Takahashi.
On April 13, 2021, the University of Kyoto posted its first pic of newly-grown teeth in mice.
BMP and Wnt are involved in more than just tooth development; they affect the growth of organs and tissues early in the body’s development. Because drugs affecting them directly might have broad side effects, scientists are cautious. To find a potentially safer method, researchers focused on the gene USAG-1, thinking that aiming at factors countering BMP and Wnt specifically in tooth development could be more precise.
“We knew that suppressing USAG-1 benefits tooth growth. What we did not know was whether it would be enough,” added Takahashi.
The first results
Scientists looked at how different monoclonal antibodies affect USAG-1. Monoclonal antibodies are often used to treat things like cancer and arthritis and for making vaccines. Tests with this antibody showed that BMP signaling is crucial for deciding the number of teeth in mice. Also, just one treatment was enough to grow a whole tooth. Further tests confirmed these positive results in ferrets too.
“Ferrets are diphyodont animals with similar dental patterns to humans. Our next plan is to test the antibodies on other animals, such as pigs and dogs,” explained Takahashi.
Fully regrown frontal teeth in ferrets
The next steps
Now, scientists are going to test the drug on healthy adults. If that goes well, the team plans to try it on kids aged 2 to 6 with a rare tooth problem called anodontia, a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth. These kids will get one shot of the drug to see if it makes their teeth grow. If everything works out, the medicine might be approved by 2030.
Takahashi sees the new medicine as an additional choice for individuals who are missing some or all of their teeth.
“The idea of growing new teeth is every dentist’s dream,” Takahashi told the Japanese newspaper, The Mainichi in June this year. “I’ve been working on this since I was a graduate student. I was confident I’d be able to make it happen.”
So hopefully, by the year 2030, humans will get a chance to have their third generation of teeth grown and say goodbye to implants. Until then, make sure to keep your teeth strong and healthy — this article will help you with that.
Preview photo credit KyotoU_News / Twitter
Firefighters warn public on the hazards of leaving water bottles in vehicles
The hot weather and high temperatures can have a range of effects on people’s everyday life. It is widely known that prolonged exposure to heat can lead to heatstroke, which is why it is recommended to avoid being under direct sunlight for longer periods of time. At the same time, it is essential to stay hydrated and limit strenuous activities during the hottest parts of the day.
This weather can also significantly increase the risk of fires.
Dry heat, strong winds, and low humidity represent ideal conditions for a fire to start. One way of accidentally starting a fire is by leaving water bottles inside a vehicle during high heat. The reason why is that the bottles, especially if they are translucent, can act as magnifying lenses if exposed to high temperatures, focusing sunlight and creating concentrated beams of light.
When light enters a clear or translucent bottle, it can be focused and intensified into a concentrated heat spot. This concentrated heat can build up on nearby flammable materials, like paper or fabric, and potentially ignite them, leading to a fire withing minutes.
This is why firefighters urge people not to leave water bottles inside their vehicle.
In July 2017, Dioni Amuchastegui, a battery technician with Idaho Power, noticed smoke emerging from beneath the center console of his truck during his lunch break.
“At first I thought it was dust, but the window was rolled up so there was no wind,” he shared with Today. “Then I noticed that light was being refracted through a water bottle and it was actually smoke.”
Amuchastegui was quick to get rid of the bottle and prevent fire from starting.
He told his story to his colleagues at Idaho Power and they came up with the idea of filming a video and warning people of the potential dangers of a simple act of leaving a water bottle inside the car when the temperatures are high.
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