The sky often treats us to new wonders like meteor showers, intriguing planets, and captivating lunar eclipses. However, it’s not just about new arrivals in space — some things are saying their goodbyes and Saturn’s famous rings are on the way out. Scientists are closely monitoring this phenomenon.
Soon, Saturn’s rings are going to disappear from our view.
© NASA / JPL / Space Science Institute / Wikimedia Commons, © Public domain
Those iconic rings we’ve admired from Earth will no longer be visible in just 18 short months. These rings are composed of a mix of icy and rocky bits, often dust-coated, encircling the sixth planet in our solar system. But the reality is, even though it might not seem soon in human terms, they are on the path to becoming invisible to us by 2025, a cosmic blink of an eye. While the full disappearance will take millions of years, the show in the night sky won’t last much longer.
© NASA / JPL-Caltech / SSI / Wikimedia Commons, © Public domain
Here’s why this is happening: as Saturn orbits the Sun, its tilt angle will drop to zero on March 23, 2025. When this tilt reaches zero, it essentially means that Saturn will present itself perfectly on its side to us here on Earth. Saturn is about 746 million miles away from us at its nearest point, and when it’s sideways, we won’t see its iconic rings. This unique alignment will occur again on October 15, 2038, and then in quick succession on April 1 and July 9, 2039.
© NASA / ESA / A. Simon (Goddard Space Flight Center), M.H. Wong (UC Berkeley), OPAL Team / Wikimedia Commons, © Public domain, © NASA / JPL / Wikimedia Commons, © Public domain
After Saturn’s rings disappear in 2025, we won’t get a full view of them again until 2032. Saturn’s rings are tilted towards our planet at an angle of nine degrees. By next year, this tilt will reduce to only 3.7 degrees. We haven’t witnessed this disappearing act since September 2009; prior to that, it hadn’t occurred since February 1996. So, it’s a relatively rare event for skywatchers to witness.
NASA captured an image of an unusual celestial object resembling a question mark.
© Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI) / NASA, ESA, CSA
NASA’s James Webb Telescope has spotted a mysterious object shaped like a question mark. Although the true nature of this object is currently unknown, scientists have some speculations about it. This intriguing discovery has piqued the interest of astronomers and researchers eager to learn more about this enigmatic celestial feature.
© Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI) / NASA, ESA, CSA
The object is part of the Herbig Haro 46/47 star system, where two young stars orbit each other under the influence of gravity. These stars are located in the Vela Constellation, approximately 1,470 light-years away from Earth. The object’s distinct question mark shape is of a reddish hue, signifying it is more distant than the other stars in the image.
The true nature of this celestial entity remains a puzzle, but its unique shape and color provide some hints. It may represent a distant galaxy or even the result of two galaxies colliding, which gives it the distinctive question mark appearance. This interpretation is supported by experts at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore.
The search for extraterrestrial life continues, and with technological advancements and our understanding of the cosmos, we may one day make significant discoveries. In the meantime, exploring the wonders of the starry sky through cosmic images can be a truly enchanting experience.
We’ve All Waited for It: Scientists Created a Drug That Can Help Regrow Lost Teeth
The tooth fairy is a welcome guest for any child who has lost a tooth. Not only will the fairy leave a small gift under the child’s pillow, but they be assured of a replacement tooth in a few months. Unfortunately, the scenario is quite different for adults grappling with a loss of teeth. Luckily, there may be some hope thanks to a new study performed by scientists at Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.
A dental breakthrough
While the typical adult mouth houses 32 teeth, approximately 1% of the population exhibits variations of them, either possessing more or fewer teeth due to congenital conditions. Researchers have delved into the genetic factors behind cases of excessive teeth, seeking valuable insights into the potential regeneration of teeth in adults. This study is the first to show that monoclonal antibodies can help regrow teeth. It suggests a new way to treat a dental problem that currently requires implants and other artificial solutions.
A bit of science
The research team disclosed that an antibody targeting a specific gene, known as uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), can induce tooth development in mice affected by tooth agenesis, a congenital condition. The findings were published in the journal, Science Advances.
As per Katsu Takahashi, a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and one of the principal contributors to the study, the essential molecules crucial for the development of teeth have already been pinpointed. “The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,” says Takahashi.
On April 13, 2021, the University of Kyoto posted its first pic of newly-grown teeth in mice.
BMP and Wnt are involved in more than just tooth development; they affect the growth of organs and tissues early in the body’s development. Because drugs affecting them directly might have broad side effects, scientists are cautious. To find a potentially safer method, researchers focused on the gene USAG-1, thinking that aiming at factors countering BMP and Wnt specifically in tooth development could be more precise.
“We knew that suppressing USAG-1 benefits tooth growth. What we did not know was whether it would be enough,” added Takahashi.
The first results
Scientists looked at how different monoclonal antibodies affect USAG-1. Monoclonal antibodies are often used to treat things like cancer and arthritis and for making vaccines. Tests with this antibody showed that BMP signaling is crucial for deciding the number of teeth in mice. Also, just one treatment was enough to grow a whole tooth. Further tests confirmed these positive results in ferrets too.
“Ferrets are diphyodont animals with similar dental patterns to humans. Our next plan is to test the antibodies on other animals, such as pigs and dogs,” explained Takahashi.
Fully regrown frontal teeth in ferrets
The next steps
Now, scientists are going to test the drug on healthy adults. If that goes well, the team plans to try it on kids aged 2 to 6 with a rare tooth problem called anodontia, a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth. These kids will get one shot of the drug to see if it makes their teeth grow. If everything works out, the medicine might be approved by 2030.
Takahashi sees the new medicine as an additional choice for individuals who are missing some or all of their teeth.
“The idea of growing new teeth is every dentist’s dream,” Takahashi told the Japanese newspaper, The Mainichi in June this year. “I’ve been working on this since I was a graduate student. I was confident I’d be able to make it happen.”
So hopefully, by the year 2030, humans will get a chance to have their third generation of teeth grown and say goodbye to implants. Until then, make sure to keep your teeth strong and healthy — this article will help you with that.
Preview photo credit KyotoU_News / Twitter
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